Mauritius is indeed facing significant challenges due to rising sea levels and climate change, but it is not “drowning.” The island is actively addressing these threats through various adaptation strategies.
Rising Sea Levels and Coastal Erosion
Mauritius has experienced a mean sea level rise of approximately 5.05 mm per year from 1993 to 2019, which is notably higher than the average rate in the Indian Ocean. This has led to increased coastal erosion, with some beaches receding by up to 20 meters over recent decades . Areas like Riviere des Galets have been particularly affected, experiencing severe land loss and damage to infrastructure.
Climate Change Impacts
Beyond sea level rise, Mauritius is grappling with other climate-related challenges:
- Intensified Cyclones: The frequency and severity of tropical cyclones have increased, causing widespread damage and economic losses. For instance, Cyclone Belal in 2024 resulted in significant infrastructure damage and economic setbacks .
- Coral Reef Degradation: Rising sea temperatures and ocean acidification are leading to coral bleaching, undermining marine biodiversity and coastal protection .
- Agricultural Stress: Increased heat and saltwater intrusion are affecting crop yields, threatening food security.
- Intense Rains: Over last few years, the average rainfall and thunderstorms in Mauritius has increased considerably.
Adaptation and Mitigation Efforts
The Mauritian government, along with local communities and international partners, is implementing several measures to combat these challenges
- Coastal Protection: Reinforcement of seawalls, beach re-profiling, and mangrove restoration are underway in vulnerable areas like Riviere des Galets and Grand Sable
- Relocation Plans: In some regions, such as Riviere des Galets, communities are being encouraged to relocate due to the escalating risk of flooding and land loss .
- Legislative Measures: The government has enforced policies like a 30-meter coastal setback for new developments and restrictions on sand dune removal to mitigate erosion .
- Climate Financing: A climate fund has been established with an allocation of 3.2 billion rupees to rehabilitate approximately 26 km of shoreline and 30 degraded sites .